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The best way to address the low polishing rate of a polishing machine is to divide the polishing process into two stages.
The first stage, rough polishing, aims to remove the surface damage layer caused by grinding. This stage should have the highest polishing rate, and the surface damage caused by rough polishing is a secondary consideration, but should still be minimized. The second stage, fine polishing (or final polishing), aims to remove the surface damage caused by rough polishing, minimizing overall polishing damage. During polishing, the sample surface should be perfectly parallel to the polishing disc and pressed evenly and lightly onto the disc. Care should be taken to prevent the sample from flying off and to avoid creating new scratches due to excessive pressure
Simultaneously, the sample should be rotated and moved back and forth along the radius of the disc to prevent excessively rapid localized wear of the polishing fabric. During the polishing process, a micro-powder suspension should be continuously added to maintain a certain level of moisture in the polishing fabric. Excessive humidity weakens the polishing effect, causing hard phases in the sample to appear raised and non-metallic inclusions in steel and graphite phases in cast iron to exhibit a "tailing" phenomenon. Insufficient humidity, due to frictional heat, will raise the sample temperature, reduce lubrication, and cause the polished surface to lose its luster, even developing black spots. Light alloys may also suffer surface damage from polishing.

Of course, to achieve the desired rough polishing, the turntable speed should be relatively low, ideally not exceeding 600 rpm. The polishing time should be longer than the time required to remove scratches, as the deformed layer also needs to be removed. After rough polishing, the surface is smooth but dull, and under a microscope, uniform and fine scratches are visible, requiring fine polishing to eliminate them.
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